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OXP-05 Beam Bending

 

Topics
:
Beam Splitter Plates / Cubes
Polarizing Beam Splitter Cubes
Corner Cube Reflector
Prism Binocular
Periscope

 

Rene Descartes
1596 – 1650

 


Rene Descartes first published the law of reflection. The working principle of beam benders is based on this law. Beams are divided by partially reflection and transmission on surfaces, beams are deflected by total reflection on prisms and reflectors, or beams are split by beam splitter plates and cubes. All these beam benders have the fundamental reflection law in common.
There are numerous examples of beam benders, such as beam splitter plates and cubes used in optical set-ups for research and industry, periscopes in submarines, steering optics in a common binocular or corner cube reflectors in reflecting plates at the cars rear lights.
In this experiment beam benders are used to demonstrate their principle of operation. Laser beams are divided in intensity, colours and polarization states by neutral, dichroitic and polarizing beam splitters respectively. Sets of prisms show how a periscope and a binocular operate. Finally a corner cube reflector demonstrates how common reflectors work.



 


 

Examples of Investigation and Measurement


Beam division and separation
First a semi-transparent beam splitter plate and a beam splitter cube divide a laser beam into two beams. Both are hold in place on the special carrier by magnetic force and can be shifted into the desired position.

Prisms as reflectors
45° prisms are used to show the beam bending principles of a periscope and a binocular. The special design of the carriers allows shifting and rotating the optical elements.

Corner cube reflector
With a corner cube reflector compared to a plane mirror the advantage in beam reflection is discussed and experimentally demonstrated.

 

 

 

 

OXP-05   Required Equipment


1
1


02.0200
02.0500


Profile rail OCM 650, 200 mm
Profile rail OCM 650, 500 mm


The high precision optical rails are made out of special anodized aluminum. The rails are the base for various modules attached to carriers.
 

2

02.1022

Carrier OCM 650, 20 mm with screen holder

This module can mount optical screens. Through the attached carrier, the screen holder can be placed onto the optical rail. The carrier 20 mm and the holder are made out of special anodized aluminum.
 

1
1
02.1602
02.1604
Screen with scale
Screen with fixed aperture

Experimental results like colour spectra and interference patterns can be visualized on these screens. Horizontal or vertical scales allow calibrations and quantitative measurements; a screen with an aperture is used for observing back-reflected rays. The screens are made out of anodized aluminum plates with one side painted white and can be fixed onto screen holders (02.1022, 02.1608).
 


1


02.6106


4 axis adjustment holder KH650, theta, phi, X and Y, including carrier 20 mm


This adjustment holder mounts a Diode Laser or an LED lamp. Using the fine pitch adjustment screws, the optical axis can be aligned within the range of 3 mm. For fine alignment of the angle of the light beam, two additional pitch adjustment screws are attached onto the back of the holder. The holder and the carrier 20 mm are made out of special anodized aluminum and can be placed onto an optical rail.
 

1

05.0226

DIMO diode laser module, 532 nm (green)

Due to its collimated beam, this frequency doubled green YAG laser is an ideal light source for
 experiments dealing with ray tracing and beam propagation. The diode in its 40 mm x 25 mm diameter housing tube made out of special anodized aluminum can be fixed onto a four axis adjustment holder and can be aligned to the optical axis. Driven by the LDD-05 active power supply (07.0206), the output power is controlled in the range from 0 to 3 mW.
 


1

07.0206

LDD-05 active power supply

The universal LDD-05 active power supply is used for all laser and LED light sources. It recognizes which source is connected and sets the parameters for it automatically. The unit is equipped with a main switch, a regulation knob for adjusting the laser or LED power and a safety lock. The provided USB bus interface allows control through a personal computer or laptop and qualifies this unit as multimedia source.
The housing is made out of shock-proof plastic with an aluminum front and rear panel.

Voltage: 230 VAC / 50 Hz
Case dimensions: 200 mm x 160 mm x 62 mm.

 



1

09.1510

Beam splitting assembly

This unit is used to split a single beam into two laser beams using a beam splitter plate or beam splitter cube. The holders with the beam splitter elements are fixed by magnetic forces to the T-piece carrier and can be rotated and shifted into the desired position. The unit is made out of special anodized aluminum. On the T-piece carrier, a stainless steel plate is inlaid; on the rods, round magnets are inlaid.

The optical elements are:
1 Non-polarizing beam splitter cube, 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm
1 Broad band beam splitter plate 50 / 50 %, 20 mm x 15 mm.

 




1

09.1530

Magnetic carriers with set of prisms on post

A set of three right angle prisms and a triple reflector are mounted onto rods which are rotatable and movable across the optical axis. The optical elements are fixed onto two specially designed carriers 20 mm by magnetic forces. By combining a laser beam and fluorescent prisms, the beam path within the optical elements is visualized. On the carriers 20 mm, stainless steel plates are inlaid; on the rods, round magnets are `inlaid.

The optical elements are:
3 Acrylic prisms 90°, base 25 mm x height 20 mm
1 Glass triple reflector, base 15 mm, diameter 25,4 mm.


 




 


 


 




 

 

Experiments

OXP-01 Refraction of Light

OXP-02 Prisms

OXP-03 Lenses

OXP-04 Reflection & Transmission

OXP-05 Beam Bending

OXP-06 Refractometer

OXP-07 Diffraction of Light

OXP-08 Optical Gratings

OXP-09 Spectral Analysis

OXP-10 Interference

OXP-11 Interferometer

OXP-12 Holography

OXP-13 Polarisation

OXP-14 Double Refraction

OXP-15 Colour Mixing

OXP-16 Optical Filters

OXP-17 Absorption & Emission

OXP-18 Image Projection

OXP-19 Camera

OXP-20 LED & Laser Diode

 

Kits

Basic Kit

Complete Kit

Advanced Kit