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OXP-12 Holography

  Topics:
Transmission Hologram
Photographic Development
Reflection Hologram
Interference
Spectral Properties of Light Sources

Denis Gabor
1900-1979

 


In 1948 – before the era of lasers - Denis Gabor developed the transmission holography technique and took the first real holograms. For the invention of holography Gabor received the Nobel Prize in 1971. In 1962 Yury Nikolayevich Denisyuk developed a holography technique which allowed to observe holograms by means of white light source rather than a monochromatic one, defined as reflection holography. Although holography did not reach the expected practical breakthrough, it is still worth to pay attention to this fascinating technique.
In the experiment “Holography” both types, transmission and reflection holograms can be recorded. In a first set-up the stability of the working place and environment is tested by an interferometer. It is extremely important for making holograms that the set-up has to be stable within the range of the optical wavelengths. The recording techniques of transmission and reflection holography will be discussed and experimentally investigated. Finally the development of the holographic plates will be performed.



 

 


 

Examples of Investigation and Measurement


Interferometer
An interferometrical set-up of the Mach-Zehnder type has to prove the stability of the holographic working area. Thus one expands the superimposed beams of the interferometer by a diverting lens and observes the interference fringes. When the set-up has stabilized the interference pattern should be stable for at least a few minutes.

Transmission hologram
With little changing of the modules a transmission hologram of an object is recorded. The object beam has to shine on the object, where the light is scattered towards the holographic film plate. The reference beam directly illuminates the whole plate homogeneously. In the film plate the interference of both beams is recorded.

Photographic development
As a further step the chemical development procedure of the holographic film is performed.

Denisyuk hologram
With a simpler but necessarily more stable set-up a reflection hologram can be created. The object is placed directly behind the photo plate. Now only one beam is sent towards the plate. On the film this beam interferes with the part of the beam which is transmitted through the plate and reflected back by the object.

 

 

 

OXP-12   Required Equipment



 


02.0500
 

 


Profile rail OCM 650, 500 mm

The high precision optical rails are made out of special anodized aluminum. The rails are the base for various modules attached to carriers.
 




 

1

02.1024

Carrier OCM 650, 20 mm with attached plate holder

Using a spring loaded blade 50 x 50 mm, plates like filters or gratings can be fixed onto this module. The carrier allows the direct attachment to the optical rail. The carrier 20 mm and the holder are made out of special anodized aluminum.
 

2
 

02.2126
 

Mounting plate OCM 650 for click 25, including carrier 20 mm

Mounting plates are used to hold optical mounts. A characteristic feature of the mounting plates is the “click” mechanism of the inserts based on spring loaded spheres. Snapping in the groove of the inserted click mount, the optical element is kept in an exact position. On the other hand, the system allows a quick and easy change of the mounted inserts.
The mounting plates are made out of special anodized aluminum. Mounted onto the carrier 20 mm, the mounting plates can be placed onto an optical rail.
 

1

02.6106

4 axis adjustment holder KH650, theta, phi, X and Y, including carrier 20 mm

This adjustment holder mounts a Diode Laser or an LED lamp. Using the fine pitch adjustment screws, the optical axis can be aligned within the range of 3 mm. For fine alignment of the angle of the light beam, two additional pitch adjustment screws are attached onto the back of the holder. The holder and the carrier 20 mm are made out of special anodized aluminum and can be placed onto an optical rail.
 

2
2
04.0070
04.0071

Biconvex lens f=-5, mounted in click 25 mount
Biconvex lens f=-10, mounted in click 25 mount

Different glass lenses are mounted onto a special anodized aluminum click mount 25 mm by two threaded mounting rings to be used in connection with a mounting plate (02.2126).
 

1 05.0224

DIMO diode laser module, 532 nm (green) HC

Due to its excellent coherence properties, this frequency doubled green YAG laser is used specifically for interference experiments. The linearly polarized laser in its 60 mm x 20 mm diameter housing tube is made out of special anodized aluminum. It can be fixed onto a four axis adjustment holder and can be aligned to the optical axis. Driven by the LDD-05 active power supply (07.0206), the output power is controlled in the range from
 


1 07.0101

Mini Si PIN photodetector with connection lead

The Mini Si PIN photodetector with connection lead is used for quick and easy measurements of relative power. The connection lead can be connected with a digital multimeter (19.0400).

1 07.0206

LDD-05 active power supply

The universal LDD-05 active power supply is used for all laser and LED light sources. It recognizes which source is connected and sets the parameters for it automatically. The unit is equipped with a main switch, a regulation knob for adjusting the laser or LED power and a safety lock. The provided USB bus interface allows control through a personal computer or laptop and qualifies this unit as multimedia source.
The housing is made out of shock-proof plastic with an aluminum front and rear panel.

Voltage: 230 VAC / 50 Hz
Case dimensions: 200 mm x 160 mm x 62 mm.
 




1 09.1746 Beam expander magnification 2.7x

The beam expander, consisting of two lenses mounted onto a click 25 optical mount and a 40 mm x 25 mm diameter sleeve, can be fixed onto the mounting plate (02.2126) which is attached to the optical rail using a carrier. The divergence of the magnified beam is adjusted by varying the telescope length.
 


1 09.2210 Holography beam splitting assembly

This assembly builds the first arm of a holographic setup. Onto a bridge carrier, a rotatable holder with a beam splitting plate is mounted. The deflected beam can be expanded and is subsequently reflected by a large high quality front-surface plane mirror towards the object or the holographic plate directly, acting as object or reference beam respectively. The mirror is mounted onto a mirror adjustment holder (02.5600) and can be finely adjusted by pitch screws.
The specifications of the optical element:
1 High quality front-surface plane mirror, diameter 50 mm
1 Broad band beam splitter plate 70 / 30 %, 15 mm x 10 mm
 

 

1 09.2220 Holography combining assembly

This assembly builds the second arm of a holographic setup. Onto a bridge carrier, a large high quality front-surface plane mirror is mounted. The diverging beam can be directed to the object or to the holographic plate directly, acting as object or reference beam respectively. Additionally, a 60 mm high transparent acrylic cross on a post as a holographic model is added.
The specifications of the large mirror:
1 High quality front-surface plane mirror, diameter 50 mm
 

1 09.2230 Holographic set

This set consists of 60 photosensitive plates 63 mm x 63 mm fitting into the plate mount. The plates show the highest sensitivity in the green spectral range and are fine-grained with a resolving power of more than 3000 lines per mm. The plates are designed for reflection or transmission hologram recording.
A hologram example of 50 mm x 50 mm x 2,5 mm size with a 35 mm x 24 mm opening window is included.
 




No illustration

1 09.2240 Set of developer chemicals

This set comprises different chemicals for development and bleaching in chemical storage bottles.

Chemicals for development:
Catechol
Ascorbic Acid
Sodium Sulphite
Urea
Sodium Carbonate

Chemicals for bleaching:
Potassium Persulfate
Citric Acid
Cupric Bromide
Potassium Bromide
Amidol


The amounts of chemicals are sufficient for treatment of the holographic set 09.2230.
 










No illustration

 

1 09.2250 Set of development equipment

This set comprises different vessels and instruments for preparation, handling and storage of chemical solutions.

The set includes:
3 Laboratory dishes
3 Plastic bottles (1000 ml)
1 Spattle
2 Tweezers
1 Digital balance 0,1 g / 200 g
 






No illustration

 

1 19.0400

 

Digital multimeter 3 ˝ digits

he digital multimeter is used for relative intensity measurements of light beams. It has to be connected to a photodetector via banana adapter connection leads.

Specifications:
 
Display LCD, 3 ˝ digits  
AC voltage ranges 2 / 20 / 200 / 750 V
Frequency range 40 - 400 Hz
DC voltage ranges 0,2 / 2 / 20 / 200 / 1000 V
AC current ranges 2 / 20 / 200 mA / 20 A
Frequency range 40 - 400 Hz
DC current ranges 0,2 / 2 / 20 / 200 mA / 20 A
Resistance ranges 0,2 / 2 / 20k / 0,2 / 2 / 20 MΩ.






 


 


 




 

 

Experiments

OXP-01 Refraction of Light

OXP-02 Prisms

OXP-03 Lenses

OXP-04 Reflection & Transmission

OXP-05 Beam Bending

OXP-06 Refractometer

OXP-07 Diffraction of Light

OXP-08 Optical Gratings

OXP-09 Spectral Analysis

OXP-10 Interference

OXP-11 Interferometer

OXP-12 Holography

OXP-13 Polarisation

OXP-14 Double Refraction

OXP-15 Colour Mixing

OXP-16 Optical Filters

OXP-17 Absorption & Emission

OXP-18 Image Projection

OXP-19 Camera

OXP-20 LED & Laser Diode

 

Kits

Basic Kit

Complete Kit

Advanced Kit