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Laser Vibrometer

Topics:
Dual Beam Interference
Mach Spatial Interference
Doppler Effect
Light Scattering
Measuring Particle Speed
Spatial Scattering
Seeding Particles
Fourier Transformation
 
   

The Laser Vibrometer allows a highly precise and non- intrusive measurement of the movement of a target. In a common interferometer, a mirror must be attached to the target which reflects the light back into the interferometer. The outstanding property of the laser vibrometer is the fact that it does not need a mirror as a reflector to be mounted on the target; it directly focuses the laser beam to the target. It therefore belongs to the important class of non-intrusive working measuring instruments. The heart of the set-up is formed by a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer. The frequency of one of the two beams is shifted by an acousto optic modulator in order to apply the heterodyne fringe detection technique. In contrast to the homodyne technique, the subsequent signal amplifiers are AC coupled allowing a much higher gain in a simpler way. Due to its non-intrusive operation and high precision, the Laser Vibrometer found a lot of applications in industrial applications.
 

Principle of Operation

The set-up of this experiment is shown the right. The beam of the laser is divided into two beams at the beam splitter cube A. One part is reflected and the other part transmitted. Both beams have the same frequency, namely one of the Laser fo. The reflected beam passes the acousto optic modulator (AOM) whereby its frequency is changed to fo+df. At the beam splitter cube B, this beam is directed back and finally hits the photo detector (PD). The beam which is transmitted at the beam splitter cube A also transmits the beam splitter cube B and hits the vibrating target. The frequency of the scattered beam is superimposed by the Doppler frequency, caused by the vibration of the object. The frequency of the returning radiation is therefore fo ± fD. Both beams are combined at A and hitting the photo detector (PD). Due to its non-linear characteristic the photo detector produces the difference of both frequencies df ± fD. To obtain the desired Doppler frequency, which is proportional to the speed of the target, this frequency is mixed with the modulation frequency of the AOM. The amplitude of the Doppler frequency finally gives the time resolved translation and the frequency itself the speed of the target.

 

Required Equipment
 
Cat. No. Qty. Description

Illustration


02.0500

1

Profile rail OCM 650, 500 mm

The main components of the experimental systems are the optical rails OCM 650. They are manufactured distortion-free and are of thermally stabilized aluminium. The surface is electro-polished and black anodized. Because of the precise manufacturing, the smoothness deviation is less than 25 µm/m and the deviation of the symmetry axis of the rail is less than 10 µm/m, thus maintaining the optical axis during displacement of the carrier.
The rail has a dovetail like profile. Gear racks can be inserted and fixed into the slots. The profile rails are available at various lengths up to 2 m.
 

02.3022

1

XY-adjustment holder OCM 650 with 25 mm mount and carrier 20 mm

This frequently needed component is ideal for the fine adjustment of lenses, microscope objectives, diode laser, etc. with respect to the optical axis of the rail set-up. The displacement area is 5x5 mm. Different mounts can be attached to the adjustment holder. This model provides a holder for 25 mm cylindrical components.
 

05.0224
 

1
DIMO diode laser module 532 nm (green) HC No illustration

07.0206
 

1
LDD-05 active power supply No illustration

07.0244

1

AOM-MK1 Driver for acousto optical modulator

This driver generates the necessary high frequency power for the acousto optical crystal. It is matched to the particular crystal. For the heterodyne detection a high frequency synchronisation signal is present at the front panel.
 

07.0246

1

HM-MK1 Heterodyne mixer

For heterodyne interferometers, the base frequency and shifted frequency needs to be mixed in order to retrieve the Doppler signal which has been generated by one of the interferometer arms. Commonly the beat frequency of the shifted signal plus the Doppler shift and the base frequency are detected by means of a photo detector. By mixing this signal with the modulation shift, the Doppler shift remains as a wanted measuring signal. The mixer has on its front panel the input for the photo detector with subsequent amplifier and the input for the reference frequency. On the back, side the pure Doppler signal is available via a common BNC socket.
 


09.0332


1


LV Beam splitting assembly

This unit forms the first part of a Mach Zehnder interferometer. It splits the incoming laser beam into two separate beams. In order to achieve the propagation of both beams in one plane, the beam splitter cube as well as the 90° bender prism is mounted on a precise adjustment holder. A photo detector is attached in such a way that it delivers the beat frequency of the two modes of the Mach Zehnder interferometer.
 


09.0333


1


LV Beam recombiner

This unit forms the second part of a Mach Zehnder interferometer. It combines the laser beam of the index and measurement arm into one beam. In order to achieve the recombination of both beams collinear to each other, the beam splitter cube as well as the 90° bender prism is mounted on a precise adjustment holder.
 


09.0334

1


AOM - Acousto optic modulator

This element consists of a special crystal with attached electrodes. If a high frequency electrical field is applied, standing acoustic waves are generated inside the crystal forming a so-called Bragg cell. An incident laser beam is deflected and in addition its frequency is shifted by the same value of the applied electrical field. Such a unit is used inside an interferometer in order to shift the frequency of, for example,  the index arm enabling the heterodyne detection technique
 


09.0336


1


Speaker mounted on carrier 30

The speaker serves as an object to generate vibrations which are measured by the laser vibrometer. It is mounted on a 20 mm carrier in such a way that the centre of the membrane lies in line with the optical axis of the set-up.
 


Required Options
 


19.0140


1


Dual trace oscilloscope 100 MHz

Features:
Frequency Range: 150 kHz ~ 100MHz
Fully Digital Phase Locked Loop Technique Design
High Frequency Stability: ±10ppm
High Input Protection Level: +30dBm, ±25VDC
Reference Level Range: -30dBm ~ +20dBm
 


Options
 


19.0160


1


Digital Dual Channel Storage Scope

150MHz Bandwidth With Monochrome LCD Display
125 k Long Memory and 12 Division Horizontal Display
25 GS/s Sampling Rate for Repetitive Waveforms
Advanced Trigger:
Pulse Width, TV Line, Event Delay and Time Delay
 

 



 

 



 


 


 


 










 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

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